人工智能行业税收政策建议

论文从中国人工智能的产业现状着手分析,依据人工智能行业发展特点及前景趋势,针对现阶段发展过程中出现的问题,在科技研发、应用推广和产业发展等方面提出了促进人工智能发展的税收优惠政策建议,以引导人工智能产业的健康可持续发展。     

Competitive search markets for durable goods

Summary. This paper considers a dynamic version of Akerlof's (1970) lemons problem where buyers and sellers must engage in search to find a trading partner. We show that if goods are durable, the market itself may provide a natural sorting mechanism. In equilibrium, high-quality goods sell at a higher price than low-quality goods but also circulate longer. This accords with the common wisdom that sellers who want to sell fast may have to accept a lower price. We then compare the equilibrium outcomes under private information with those under complete information. Surprisingly, we find that for a large range of parameter values the quilibrium outcomes under the two information regimes coincide, despite the fact that circulation time is used to achieve separation. Received: August 24, 2000; revised version: October 24, 2000     

Modelling exchange of probabilistic opinions

Summary. This paper studies how communication or exchange of opinions influences correlation of beliefs. The paper focuses on a situation in which agents communicate with each other infinitely many times without observing data. It is an extension to the ‘Expert Problem’ in Bayesian theory, where the informational flow is asymmetric. Moreover, this paper generalizes the existing literature of communication that employs the common prior assumption (CPA) by allowing for heterogeneous beliefs. Some basic convergence results are shown in contrast with the results obtained under the CPA. Furthermore, several economic implications of the basic results are provided. Received: August 27, 2001; revised version: April 16, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" The results presented in this paper are taken from my Ph.D. thesis at Stanford University. I gratefully acknowledge the inspiration obtained from innumerable discussions with Mordecai Kurz about this subject. Also, I appreciate comments from Kenneth J. Arrow, Peter J. Hammond, Maurizio Motolese, Carsten K. Nielsen, Ho-Mou Wu and the anonymous referee.     

Physical Search

Unidirectional search is an evolutionarily stable outcome in an economy where homogenous buyers and sellers can either move or stay. It is more efficient than bidirectional search. In unidirectional search, it is more efficient if the more numerous agents move and the less numerous agents stay, than vice versa.     

浅析全面预算管理在我国企业实施中存在的问题

本文分析了中外预算管理的发展和现状，剖析了我国企业目前实施全面预算管理存在的不足和原因，从企业组织理论的角度提出了克服和解决这些问题的思路和方法。     

云南花卉产业发展中若干问题的探讨

A few problems exist in flower industry development in Yunnan province. The key problem is flower production with sell set in system unqualified, product quallty problem; wrong model in specification of quality in product, undeveloped and developed technology of quality standard system hasn‘t been used. To change present condition, combining local present condition, we can enhance the macroscopic management and put forward to peasant the policy suggestion to guide the development of Yunnan province flower industry.     

积极财政政策执行效果及隐忧问题研究——H省执行情况个案分析

基于凯恩斯主义国民收入决定理论 ,通过对H省经济运行数据的实证模拟 ,分析H省积极财政政策的执行情况 ,并结合H省省情和我国国情 ,我们得到了九个基本命题 :命题 1∶H省经济处于投资陷阱之中 ,因而货币政策无效 ,财政政策充分有效。命题 2∶H省的财政政策乘数为 5 596,投资需求拉动乘数为 2 3 945,消费需求拉动乘数为2 2 0 1 5,财政支出回馈乘数为 0 2 2 66。命题 3∶H省国债转贷与补助资金拉动的经济增长率为 :1 988年 0 6个百分点 ,1 999年 0 9个百分点 ,2 0 0 0年 0 6个百分点 ,2 0 0 1年 0 5个百分点。命题 4:乘数愈大 ,积极财政政策的效果愈大 ,但积极财政政策退出造成的负作用也愈大 ,总需求和经济增长对积极财政政策的依赖程度也愈强。命题 5,民营化程度愈低 ,投资的利率弹性愈低 ,货币政策愈无效 ,反之亦然。命题 6,民营化程度愈低 ,财政依赖程度愈强 ,反之亦然。命题 7:我国的积极财政政策必然会退出 ;退出的最佳方式是淡出 ;维持现有国债规模是淡出的最可能的形式 ,是一个聚点均衡。命题 8:H省的民营化程度低于全国的平均水平 ,财政依赖程度高于全国的平均水平 ,自主性增长动力尤显不足。命题 9:如果没有激励民间投资的有效措施出台 ,积极财政政策淡出将使H省经济增长速度下滑。     

何种内部治理机制影响了公司权益代理成本--大股东与董事会治理效率的比较

文章采用相对管理费用作为权益代理成本的代理变量,以1999~2002年上市公司为对象,检验了两种核心的内部治理机制———大股东和董事会对公司经营者代理问题的影响。研究发现,董事会独立性在国家控股公司与非国家控股公司之间存在一定的差异,但对公司权益代理成本几乎没有影响;相反,终极控股权性质对权益代理成本产生了显著影响,即无论是否考虑董事会独立性的影响,国家控股公司的代理成本显著高于非国家控股公司;并且,在国家控股公司中,控股股东持股比例越高,公司权益代理成本越高。此外,文章还发现,国家控股方式影响了公司权益代理成本,国资部门控股公司代理成本显著高于其他的国家控股公司。     

中国政策性银行开展资本市场运作的路径选择

中国政策性银行作为中国支持国民经济的特殊职能部门,具有其自身的金融管理体制和经营体制特点,但与国外银行相比,存在诸多缺陷。中国政策性银行可利用扩充资本金规模、增加资金来源渠道和拓展资金运用方式等途径来开展资本市场运作,政策性银行开展资本市场运作应注意风险。     

制度缺失与中国经济体制改革面临的三大问题

经济体制改革以来,由于制度缺失的存在,致使经济体制改革在取得辉煌成就的同时,也面临着市场化改革所带来的严峻经济问题,这些问题突出地表现在以下三个方面:一是日益凸现的失业问题;二是财富分配不公问题;三是国有资产流失问题。制度缺失导致的这三个问题,加重了改革的社会成本,危害了社会公平,破坏了经济效率,因此必须采取相应的治理措施。